…………………………………………………………….……..11 1.3.4. Research Questions……………………………………………………………………11 1.4. Review of Literature………………………………………………………………………12 1.5. Materials and Methodology………………………………………………………………16 1.5.1. Definition of Key Terms………………………………………………………………16 1.5.2. Motivation and Delimitation……………………………………………………………19 1.6. Thesis Outline……………………………………………………………………………………………………..20 Chapter Two: Emerson’s Philosophy……..…………………….…………………22 2.1. Emerson’s Philosophy……………………………………………………………………23 2.1.1. Unity in Emerson’s philosophy………….……….……………………………….……25 2.1.2. Individuality in Emerson’s philosophy……………………………………………………………… 32 2.1.3. Microcosm in Emerson’s philosophy……………………………………………………….38 Chapter Three: New Identity in Emerson’s Selected Poems………………….45 3.1. Unity in Emerson’s Philosophy………………………………………………………….47 3.1.1. Unity in “Each and All”……………………………………………………………….47 3.1.1.1. The Relation of Each and All to shape a unity……………………………………….48 3.1.1.2. Interrelatedness of all Things in the World …………………………………………48 3.1.1.3. To find the Truth through Beauty……………………………………………………52 3.1.1.4. Man is the Universal Reality…………………………………………………………53 3.1.1.5. The Foundation of a united Spirit……………………………………………………54 3.2.2. Unity in “The Sphinx”………………………………………………………………….55 3.2.2.1. Variety leads to Unity………………………………………………………………..56 3.2.2.2. Exploration of Universal truth through Intuition……………………………………58 3.2.2.3. Man is the answer to the question……………………………………………………59 3.2.2.4. Opposite notions find the same essence……………………………………………..61 3.2.3. Unity in “Xenophanes”………………………………………………………………..62 3.2.3.1. Variety Resolves into Unity…………………………………………………………..63 3.2.3.2. Each Element Introduces another One………………………………………………..64 3.2.4. Unity in “Brahma”…………………………………………………………………..…66 3.2.4.1. All Things as One Reality……………………………………………………….…..68 3.2.5. Unity in “Wood-notes I, II”……………………………………………………………..70 3.2.5.1. The Existence of Universal Truth Everywhere………………………………….…..70 3.2.6. Unity in “The World-Soul” ……………………………………………………………73 3.2.7. Unity in “Unity”………………………………………………………………….……76 Chapter Four: New Identity in Emerson’s Selected Poems ………………….81 4.1. Individuality in Emerson’s Philosophy………………………………………………….82

4. 4. 2. Individuality in “The Sphinx”……………………………………………………………83

4.2.1. The Answer is the Universal Reality…….……………………….……………………84 4.2. 2. “Man is a Transparent Eyeball”……………………………………………………….85 4.2.3. Individuality in “Each and All”………………………………………………..………86 4.2. 4. Man should Leave Egotism …………………………………………………………….86 4.3. Individuality in “Brahma”………………………………………………………….……88 4.3.1. “Turn Thy back on Heaven”…………………………………………………………….88 4.3.4. Individuality in “Unity”………………………………………………………………..88 4.3.5. Individuality in “The World-Soul”…………………………………………….……….90